After many years of civil unrest and terrorist activity Peru has now experienced relative economic and political stability for more than 15 years. A well-established hydrocarbon industry offering attractive terms has helped rebuild this beautiful country. However, faced with rising internal energy consumption, the country is trying to attract foreign companies to undertake exploration in new, possibly high-risk areas like the remote Madre de Dios Basin. Can Peru ever become self-sufficient in hydrocarbons again?