Vol. 21

Issue 6

Going global and embracing all forms of subsurface energy, that’s how we would characterize this issue of the magazine.

For the first time, we introduce a section on coal geology, as we felt that this part of the energy mix is grossly underreported. And even though coal is mostly used for energy production, it is also critical for the energy transition – as you’ll read here.

We have always been a global content magazine, but only when plotting our stories on a map it becomes evident that it really is. From Mongolia to Antarctica, from Canada to Australia, we have found interesting stories from all over the place.

In the cover story, Francis Buckley describes how shallow gas is not only on the radar as a drilling hazard, it is also an exploration target these days, as well as a factor to consider at the decommissioning side of things. In summary, something to keep an eye on.

Our geothermal section contains more articles than ever. This is a sign of the many things happening in this sector, and we also look forward to being part of this at the upcoming GeoTherm conference in Offenburg next year.

And finally, please do have a look at the interviews we conducted for this issue. Henry Pettingill takes us through his amazing career as a deep-water oil and gas finder, and Jack Willis tells us about how he identified a niche in the market that enabled him to grow a successful business.

Columns

FIRSTS

8 – Subsurface noise

10 – Energy matters – by Rodney Garrard

12 – Regional update – by Ian Cross

14 – Striking oil – Antarctica

INSIGHTS

88 – Geomodelling – Make geomodelling grAIt again? – by Raffik Lazar

90 – HotSpot – The Caribbean – by NVentures

92 – Basin modelling – How to identify fluid migration with 1D models and temperature data – by David Rajmon

93 – Faults and fractures – The structural risk of vertically exaggerated cross-sections – by Molly Turko

94 – Nothing beats the field – Devonian Reef, Canada – by Rene Jonk

96 – Vertical Geology – From the shores of Lake Maracaibo to a paleontology museum in Europe

Features

COVER STORY

16 – Shallow gas – risk or resource?

EXPLORATION OPPORTUNITIES

22 – Exploring deeper in Uruguay: Could Namibia’s successful Cretaceous play be chased in Uruguay’s deepwater? – Viridien

46 – Pacific oil rush: The sequel – and this time it’s Ecuador – Searcher

OIL & GAS

28 – Finding oil in synclines

29 – Looking deeper than the traditional petroleum plays

31 – Deep marine reservoirs with fresh water – how come?

32 – Disentangling a deep oil play

FEATURES

34 – Getting drill-ready for the energy transition

38 – Picking prospects: Exploring the Orchard Platform’s Haupt Dolomite play – by Peter Browning-Stamp And Carlo Caldarelli, Horizon Energy Partners

42 – Northern North Sea: A decade of seismic acquisition and exploration success

PORTRAITS

52 – Eyes wide open at the right time, Henry S. Pettingill

57 – Identifying issues before they arise, Jack Willis

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

60 – Faster and faster

61 – How data helped answer the question of why testing results in a geothermal well disappointed

62 – Finding a hotspot in Alaska – by Guy Oliver, Ignis H2 Energy

64 – Monetizing the geothermal resource

65 – Drilling into new frontiers – drilling into magma

SUBSURFACE STORAGE

68 – It’s not the seal, it’s the potential thief zones that form the biggest risk

70 – The injected CO2 that went missing

62 – 3 million versus 100 k

65 – Drilling into new frontiers – drilling into magma

NEW GAS

72 – Play-based exploration methods used to find natural hydrogen – by Giacomo Firpo, Paul Swire, Rakgas, Steve Lawrence, Ian Hutchinson, NHSG and Jonathan Watson, Metatek

73 – Helium found in new and unexpected places – by Mariël Reitsma

74 – Helium-3 – by Mariël Reitsma

DEEP SEA MINERALS

76 – China’s showing its muscles in the deep sea – by Ronny Setså

77 – Divided opinions on area announcement – by Ronny Setså

78 – Draghi’s nod to marine minerals – by Ronny Setså

COAL

80 – Mining a “source rock” for the battery industry

81 – Is there a coal exploration industry?

82 – You can mine coal, but you can also produce the associated gas

TECHNOLOGY

84 – The evolution of managed pressure drilling

85 – Why is so much subsurface technology coming from Norway?

86 – How AI-based image analysis of cuttings enables better reservoir definition – by Ezdeen Ibrahim, Bapco Upstream, Guy M. Oliver and Milton Sanclemente, Geolog

Articles

Divided opinions on area announcement

Not unexpectedly, the wide range of consultation bodies expressed different views and recommenda­tions related to the proposal, which includes 386 blocks divided into five areas: Mohns Ridge North and South, Read More

Make geomodelling grAIt again?

Not too long ago, reservoir modelling came at a time when the industry was relying on super capable draftsmen/women who could literally translate the mind of geolo­gist into paper. Resources Read More

Subsurface noise, Issue 6, 2024

PREVENTING BLOWOUTS IN GEOTHERMAL WELLS It is not only only oil and gas wells that can experience blowouts. The same can happen when targeting hot water or steam, as a Read More

Shallow gas as a resource

This is the second article in the Shallow Gas series of three, brought to you by Francis Buckley. Read the first article here: Shallow gas: How to better map the Read More

Devonian reefs – Canada

The Early to Middle Devonian was a period of global evolution of carbonate coral and stromatoporoid reef builders. Many carbonate build-ups of that age are observed around the world in Read More

Shallow gas: How to better map the risk?

Shallow gas has long been known as a drilling hazard. However, the increasing costs of powering offshore produc­tion facilities, the problems associat­ed with decommissioning, and the contribution of natural and Read More

Faster and faster

Drilling faster is a big driver for technological develop­ment in every aspect of the subsurface industry, and the shallow geothermal sector is no exception. “We can significantly increase the drilling Read More

The Caribbean

The presence of oil in the Caribbean has long been known, and has successful­ly been explored for across the region – with producing fields in Cuba, Barbados, and the Carib­bean Read More

Eyes wide open at the right time

“I took the most jagged path into the oil business, as you can imagine,” says Henry S. Pettingill. “There was noth­ing for me to identify myself with the oil industry, Read More

Finding a hotspot in Alaska

Domestic gas production in Alaska’s Cook Inlet is declining rapidly, and for that reason, there is now an incentive to further increase the share of renewable energy. One candidate to Read More

Identifying issues before they arise

“In the oil and gas industry, there are often multiple unknowns that can significantly impact operations. These gaps in understanding frequently lead to a reliance on what we call “opin­ioneering,” Read More

Draghi’s nod to marine minerals

”My concern (…) is that, over time, we will inexorably become less pros­perous, less equal, less secure and, as a result, less free to choose our destiny.” Mario Draghi, former Read More

A mystery

The upper Permian Zech­stein of the UK Southern North Sea is experiencing a little revival these days. The main reason is that gas and some oil were discovered last year Read More

Jevons paradox

The environmental ideology driving the statement, “the sooner hydrocarbons or fossil fuels are gone, the better for the world”, is misguided and misses the fact that to create a positive Read More

Disentangling a deep oil play

Over the course of 10 years, Shell had ample reasons to walk away from the Norphlet play in the GOM. Deeply buried, this Upper Jurassic system was always near the Read More

Finding oil in synclines

This week, I came across the concept of finding oil in synclines on a number of unrelated occasions. It simply shows how diverse geology and exploration are. The first example Read More